Potentialet for forskning i immuno-onkologi
Omfanget af evidens for et immunrespons mod cancer
Både solide tumorer og hæmatologiske maligniteter er i stand til at inducere et immunrespons, som kan regulere deres initiale vækst. Denne evne er kendt som tumorimmunogenicitet.1,2
Man har tilstrækkelig evidens for kroppens evne til at genkende og angribe cancer via immuncellers præsentation, infiltration og elimination.
PRÆSENTATION
Traditionelt set defineres immunogene tumorer, herunder melanom og ikke-småcellet lungecancer (NSCLC), ud fra en høj forekomst af mutationer.3 Disse mutationer danner tumorantigener, som genkendes af immunsystemet, hvilket aktiverer et antitumorimmunrespons.4
Infiltration
Tumorinfiltrerende immunceller er til stede i tumors mikromiljø.5-17 Deres tilstedeværelse viser deres evne til at identificere og migrere til tumorceller.18
Elimination
Tidligt i deres udvikling kan nogle tumorer udvise tegn på spontan regression. Det tyder på, at immunsystemet er i stand til at genkende og dræbe nogle tumorceller.19
Det understøtter endvidere konceptet, at kroppens eget immunsystem har evnen til at inducere et antitumorrespons mod cancer.20 Der forskes i øjeblikket aktivt i at målrette immunsystemets signalveje til at hjælpe med at eliminere tumorceller.
Det store potentiale i immuno-onkologi
Immunsystemets evne til at opdage og dræbe tumorceller er grundlaget for forskningen i immuno-onkologi. Evidensen for tumorimmunogenicitet på tværs af mange forskellige solide tumorer og hæmatologiske maligniteter udgør rationalet for det vide spænd i forskningen inden for immuno-onkologi på tværs af tumortyper.21
| Evidens for tumorimmunogenicitet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumortype | PRÆSENTATION Tilstedeværelse af somatiske mutationer |
INFILTRATION Evidens for immuncelleinfiltration |
ELIMINATION Evidens for spontan regression |
| Blære3,15 | |||
| Mamma17,22 | |||
| Kolorektal16 | |||
| Gastrisk/øsofagus8,23 | |||
| Glioblastom4,6 | |||
| Hoved og hals9,24 | |||
| Hepatocellulær13 | |||
| Lunge3,8 | |||
| Melanom3,8,19 | |||
| Ovarie12,25 | |||
| Pancreas16 | |||
| Prostata10,26 | |||
| Renalcellekarcinom3,11 | |||
| Non-Hodgkin lymfom5,27 | |||
| Hodgkin lymfom14,28 | |||
| Leukæmi29 | |||
| Multipelt myelom7,30 | |||
Bristol-Myers Squibb forsker forsat i immun-onkologi, et forskningsområde i vækst. Vores forskning er motiveret af de mange patienter med fremskreden cancer, som venter på fornyet håb og muligheden for et længere liv.
Referencer
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